Well-being of natural medicine resources in the region profile

First, the natural conditions
Ankang in Shaanxi Province is located in the southeastern region of the Qin-Ba Mountain, between east longitude 108 ° 05 '~ 110 ° 20', latitude 31 ° 17 '~ 33 ° 54', Hubei, east, west Hanzhong, according to South Grand De watershed and is adjacent to Sichuan, Xi'an and the southern slope of Qinling north, the region adjacent to Shangluo. Han River from west to east trans-one.
1, topography
Qin-Ba mountain terrain is divided into well-being and Sichuan Road, hilly region in two parts. Qinling and Daba Mountains in the Han River - River pool - on River - Han River as the border line, Qinba the formation of the North-South confrontation, something trans-Han River, Sichuan Road in the middle of the terrain. The general characteristics are: the complex and diverse terrain, mountains and the differences Kawasaki Road obvious disparity in height, vertical and horizontal river, cutting strongly. The distribution of the landscape in the region: Sichuan Road, an area the size accounted for 3%, 31% hilly, mountainous accounted for 66%. Altitude in the region in general between 600 to 1300 meters. The highest above sea level, 2794.6 (East Qinling Leung), the minimum altitude of 170 meters (Bai Hexian on the right bank of the Han River).
Qinba Mountain: Main Ridge Mountains in the northern part of Wang Dan Ningshan County, mountains and downs, higher, at 2,500 meters above sea level in general about to head Ningshan highest Hill, 2965 meters above sea level, and Daba Mountains in the town of Wang Dan-ping, ping Lee, Langao, in the southern territory of Ziyang, the general in the 2400 meters above sea level around the main beam is located in Daba Mountains of the southeastern border area, the main peak to China Longshan 2917 meters above sea level. Mainly to landform mountain, a more complete preservation of the natural vegetation of various animals and plants on the main producing areas.
Sichuan Road, hilly region: a more moderate slope, 250 to 800 meters above sea level between the two sides more or less in the Han River and its tributaries on the river Han Yin, Shi Quan, well, Xunyang, Shirakawa and Lee Ping-line, to complex and diverse topography, Mainly to the territory of farming.
2, climate
Well is located in the north sub-tropical north edge of the area is a sub-tropical moist monsoon climate North District. It features a mild climate, four seasons, rainfall, a long frost-free period. Sichuan Road, hilly area of the average annual temperature of 15 ~ 16 ℃, Qinba Mountain 12 ~ 13 ℃. Year-end general minimum temperature below zero in 7 ~ 11 ℃; in extreme maximum temperature, Sichuan Road in the hilly region for more than 40 ℃, Qinba Mountain 36 ~ 38 ℃. With the temperature above sea level rise into the linear decline was obvious.
Frost-free period in the region are more than 240 days, between 215 to 278 days; sunshine in the year 1660 to between 1852 hours; annual precipitation in the 736 to 1238 mm; cold, late summer, XIA Hong, the main features of its autumn floods. The overall situation is mainly sub-tropical climate, China is also North and South subtropical temperate climate and soil settlement of the transition zone. With the corresponding features of the climate suitable North and South have different medicinal animals and plants to form a sub-tropical plants, warm temperate plant mixed with each other to pay the transition of the geographical distribution of plants. Thus enriching the area of medicinal plant and animal species, natural resources and traditional Chinese medicine to become a special place.
3, soil
I have a wide range of soil, soil, according to the census, a total of 7 types of soil, the 15 sub-categories, a land of 38, 155 kinds of soil. Different levels of regional and vertical zone differences were obvious differences in growth performance as well. Mountain stone ballast soil in the region accounts for about 85% of the soil, followed by the light of Shan Huang soil zone, accounting for about 5% of the silt was mixed in other territories, foam mountain soil, paddy soil, and so on. Mountain vertical distribution of soil from the bottom followed by yellow cinnamon soil, the mountain yellow cinnamon soil, mountain brown forest soil, the soil of mountain ash, alpine meadow soil and the soil, such as Meadow Hill.
Moderate soil organic matter content of the whole region, with an average content of 1.32 percent to 2.69 percent, to the soil and Micro Piansuan mainly neutral, accounting for about 65%, neutral-alkali soil account for about 17%, acidic and alkaline soil little.
A variety of soil resources is not only suitable for agriculture, forestry, and North and South for a variety of medicinal plants growth, in order to develop the production of herbal medicines have provided favorable conditions.
4, vegetation
Due to the complexity of the landscape and climate, determine the geographic composition of the flora diversity, geographical distribution shows obvious vertical zones, divided by the bottom-up:
Subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest belt (the Qinling 800 meters above sea level, the following Abies 900 meters above sea level), the growth of a wide range of sub-tropical characteristics with a variety of medicinal plants, such as citrus, tea, loquat, Ligustrum lucidum, gardenia, Tung, palm, camphor oil, Sapium, as well as the wild Pittosporum, heath, iron seed, Chui Yang Mu, Chinese prickly ash, such as Shell.
Deciduous broad-leaved forest belt (the Qinling 800 ~ 1800 meters above sea level, de 900 ~ 1900 meters above sea level), the main vegetation there is paint, cork, oak, sharp-tooth oak, Quercus, Eva, and other advantages for the representatives of the slope in the distribution of a wide range of Zamu. There are three sharp conifer pine (Cephalotaxus), the de-song, pine, pine, oriental arborvitae, spruce, hemlock, cedar and so on Qinling ice. This is the area of medicinal animals and plants on the distribution of the most concentrated, most types of zones.
Subalpine coniferous forest belt (the Qinling 2700 meters above sea level to 1800, more than 1900 meters above sea level mt), mainly for plants and fir Abies.
Qinling mountain larch forest (more than 2700 meters above sea level Qinling) is the main Larix, and sometimes a small amount of Health and Abies forest land with a hardy variety of medicinal plants. Such as mica, Rorty, Taibai rice, marigold, and so on.
In different vegetation zones, the corresponding growth of a wide variety of medicinal plants. Floristic elements of its complexity, regardless of the extent of the rich resources of all the province's first home.
Second, traditional Chinese medicine resources
Well-being of the region's unique geographical location, complex topography, mild climate conditions and different types of soil, making growth in this land of the type of complex, a wide variety of animal and plant medicinal resources, many of China's North-South action, Are a combination of medicinal plants from the mountains to the Qin-Ba Han Sea, all four seasons with the growth of hundreds of Chinese herbal medicines, it is known as "drug Bashan Township," and "cradle of Chinese medicine."
1, overview of traditional Chinese medicine resources
According to traditional Chinese medicine resources in the 1980s, the results of the census, the region's total of 1299 kinds of Chinese medicine resources, accounting for 12,807 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the total number of 10.14 percent, accounting for the province's total number of 3291 kinds of Chinese medicine resources of 39.47 percent. 1215 kinds of medicinal plants which, accounting for 11,146 kinds of medicinal plants in the country's 10.90 percent, accounting for 2730 kinds of medicinal plants in the province of 44.50 percent; 57 kinds of medicinal animals, the total of 1581 kinds of medicinal animals 3.6 percent, accounting for the province 474 kinds of medicinal animals of 12.0 percent; 27 kinds of medicinal mineral, accounting for 20 kinds of medicinal mineral of 33.8 percent, accounting for the province's 40 kinds of medicinal mineral of 67.5 percent.
In 1299 kinds of Chinese medicine resources in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" (2000 edition) containing more than 300 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, the total "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" Chinese herbal medicines containing more than 60% of the total. Of which belong to a unified national management of the 4 Chinese herbal medicines, there are areas of the Eucommia, Magnolia, musk 3. National 34 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine as a valuable, producing 17 kinds of Shaanxi, the yield on the 15 District; run by a key state in 20 Chinese herbal medicines, the district will have the Chinese, Fuling, such as Cornus 17, the total number of key operating 85%.
2, the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine resources
Looking at the region's resources and distribution of medicine is:
In the vertical distribution as follows: 900 meters above sea level have more of the following sub-tropical medicinal plants, such as palm, sweet potatoes, Lygodium, Hong oak, lime, grapefruit, tangerines, small blood rattan, Tong, and both part of the warm The widespread drug temperate species, about 400 species, accounting for about 30% of the total; in the 900 to 1800 meters above sea level within the framework of the North and South both drugs, more than 800, accounting for about 60% of the total, which is a sub-tropical The plant-nan, a round magnolia leaves, tetrandrine, Kadsura, Magnolia, Mahonia, Liquidambar, camphor, pheasant Law, Kawasaki Cinnamon, red fennel, Shouwu, such as the Chinese dozens, and in this section There are also more home ingredients, such as dangshen, Magnolia, cloud, such as Radix more than 30 kinds of home species of medicinal herbs account for about 60%; at an altitude of 1800 meters above for the distribution of warm temperate drugs, such as paint, Asarum, Green Cimicifuga, living alone, VII clouds, stone cowpea, and so on seven Fissidens about 200.
Distribution over the situation in the Qinling and Bashan not distinguish between low-Hill, but the differences in the distribution of more than Zhongshan gradually increased, the performance of the same type of distribution than in the Qinling low hill about 200 meters, as well as in the two different types. Although the vertical distribution of their differences, but there are a large number of widespread species, such as the distribution Houttuynia as low as 400 meters from the river, 1800 meters high to be of sub-alpine. In the vertical distribution of the same on the existence of this sub-tropical and warm temperate medicinal plants of medicinal plants to infiltrate each other, suitable co-prosperity.
At the level of distribution of the majority of county herbal medicines widespread, but there are differences in performance are: the distribution of species and the large number of varieties is the most well-being, Xunyang, three Ziyang County, followed by Zhen Ping, Han Yin, Shirakawa, and other counties The distribution of the total number of species and the bulk of a few basic types are the same. In addition, many medicinal herbs showed a special regional zone differences or the limitations of the distribution, such as the centipede concentrated in the city of well-being of rural civil and military; musk, umbellatus to a maximum of Ningshan; Phellodendron, to Chenpi Ziyang for the most optimal; Chai Hu, honeysuckle, turmeric produced in the main Xunyang; Gastrodia produced in the main Shiquan; dangshen to profit-quality large; Magnolia, Pueraria lobata in the main producing counties Bashan; Eucommia Langao produced in the main, Ping Lee, Shi Quan, Han Yin; Radix main cloud produced in Langao, Zhen Ping; Coptis, Scrophulariaceae to the main Zhenping.
3, commonly used medicinal species
According to the information reported, the country's use of Chinese herbal medicines in general types of 800 to about 1,000, about 500 commonly used medicines to more than 600 kinds. While this area more than 330 kinds of commonly-used medicinal herbs, varieties, the total number of varieties of medicinal herbs used more than 50% (see Table 1 specific species).
4, large varieties of products to be developed and distributed species
The acquisition of goods, medicine, is a staple of local products have more than 80 kinds of medicinal herbs, medicinal herbs because of their excellent quality, best-selling market-oriented operation of the main species (see the species and distribution of Schedule 2).
In the area of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the development and utilization have not been many, and some types are very optimistic about the prospects for the development, will now be part of the development of the species listed for those in traditional Chinese medicine resources development researchers refer to (see specific varieties of Schedule 3) .
Third, environmental pollution
In this area belong to the poor mountain, a very developed industrial enterprises. The region's only a few small-scale enterprises, and more for the processing enterprises, will not cause major pollution, agriculture is the main part of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but mainly in Sichuan Road area, and volume is not large, large area The mountain forests and high mountains, semi-high mountain areas, is Shanqingshuixiu, fresh air, there is no environmental pollution. Chinese medicine is the well-being of the land resources of one of the best regional produce.








Schedule 1
Well-being of the region have used medicinal herbs in the middle directory

First, plants (266 species)
Astragalus Coptis Huang Jing Huang and Angelica bidentata taste knee dangshen Scrophularia Salvia matrine Nansha Participation Participation Pearl White Atractylodes japonica Wei Bai white and white Baimao Gen Aconite possession of white peony Paeonia Ginger ginger hair Phytolacca rhubarb live alone (meat, live alone Hong living alone 9 living alone) Chuanxiong Ligusticum Polygonatum multiflorum Thunb Lily Changshan 100 Clematis Radix Kusnezoffii iron Ling Qi Han-cents-anti-anti-off continued Qi Yuan Hu Radix Pueraria imperatorin Ban Langen from the root-root Campanulaceae Su Terrier Chuanbei the mother tubeimoside Qin Fritillaria Banxia Alisma Cimicifuga Ma Sai Tso Kai-trichosanthin-day winter iris section Ophiopogon tatarinowii Schott Atractylodes Belamcanda Cyperus Araceae scallion white cloud Radix Sanguisorba crassirhizoma Paris Oujie red-drug Polygala chamaejasme Ma Rh soil Poria 2 garlic needle-grass-Huai-long rush Loranthaceae mori Zhuru ghost feather arrows Uncaria Cassia night thorn cross Teng Green Rendong Teng Teng wind Millettia Eucommia Magnolia Cortex Phellodendron Sang White Paper Chun-wide training root bark of progenitor Secretary Ma Guangui paeonol Albizia white moss Piai Senate Ye Ye Folium cream mulberry leaves Cacumen Platycladi lotus leaf honeysuckle flowers Magnolia Buddleja Yangjinhua Chinese rose Inula Rose spent flowers loquat para yellow sweet-scented osmanthus flower chrysanthemum flowers cockscomb Magnolia Flos Albiziae red lentils to spend the winter flower Sophorae Althea Ge Hua Xia Lian dead ball of corn have to be Cornus rutaecarpa Shancha papaya (papaya declared major papaya) configuration Qi Li Bai seminars Cassia Gualou Gualou Paper Gualou Hui pepper Citrus Aurantii fig forsythia ginkgo Wu Mei Shi Di soap teeth Mulberry floating grass sprouting wheat must Mingmai Nepeta ear bud rice seeds almond peach kernel Wang Bo Ziren not stay walnut fire Cannabis Pomegranate garnet megranate skin dry skin in winter melon Huaimi Yiyiren Chenpi textilis mandarin orange skin network of nuclear orange-white wax gourd lentil Chi Xiaodou castor bean castor oil Sigua Luo Lian Lian-room Cuscuta chinensis lucidum Chuan practice Xanthium sub-sub-sub-training complex Indus basin sub-sub-Palestinian Seeds of Brassica alba Plantago Lo Brassica sub-branch sub-acute green pumpkin orange box po la-Baizi to turnip-to-nil-Fu Niu Chu is sub-sub-sub-leek saffron-sufficient sub-sub-sub-predict the five Bai Taijixiaoji bitter clove trees Boisson thief chelerythrine Shi Wei Siphonostegia Artemisia annua Epimedium Nepeta Viola yedoensis Selaginella Herba Agrimonia verbena purslane Eriocaulon even dry grass grass Lycopodium japanicum Motherwort Patrinia grass deer through grass title Bone grass before the grass Houttuynia giant cloud wheat grass Herba Lysimachiae hwangcho (nobile) Polygonum grass-Chuan Xin Lian-Hong Pakistan Veratrum dandelion mint flat perilla has Fuling Tremella tinctorius umbellatus Lei Wan Hai Bai Caoshuang black fungus Ganoderma lucidum Sands Shishuang paint dry tea oil palm board

Second, the types of animals (55)
Velvet antlers musk deer kidney Luk Mei Lu Jin Niu Huang Xiong bear gall oil leopard tiger bone Shui Niujiao Scorpio centipede herring bone bear gall bile sheep, cattle bile pig snake bile Marble extricate oneself Metamorphosis cicada cicadas spend Mulberry crisp long-legged spider dog dog kidney stone turtle A shell otter liver water frog Rana Ji Nei Jin placenta oil sand crabs A rabbit Faeces five (m pieces) Liu Niang insect pest insects Tubie spot chelation silkworm Bombyx sand bat blood than carbon grain of sand worms hedgehog Pearl goat skin blood people White beeswax, honey, honeycomb worm


Three types of minerals (12)
Sulfur-like gypsum mercury Realgar Cinnabar keel elata natural stalactite copper Baishi Ying Han Shuidan























Schedule 2 of the bulk of resources and the distribution of medicinal products
Variety name of the main distribution area

  -Ping Dangshen Lee, Ziyang, Langao, Ningshan
  Coptis Zhenping, Li Ping, Langao, Shirakawa
  Xunyang honeysuckle, the well-being, Shirakawa, Shiquan, Han Yin, Li Ping
  Radix Langao Yun, Li Ping, Zhen Ping
Scrophularia Zhenping, Li Ping, Xunyang
  Living alone Zhenping, Li Ping
  Angelica Lee Ping, Zhen Ping
  Langao bidentata Chuan, Li Ping, Zhen Ping
  Xunyang musk, Langao, Ningshan, Zhen Ping, Ping Lee
  Tianma Ningshan, Shiquan, Han Yin, the well-being
  Ningshan umbellatus, Han Yin, Xunyang, well
  Aurantii Xunyang, well, Ziyang, Shirakawa
  Eucommia Langao, Li Ping, Shi Quan, Han Yin, Zhen Ping
  Magnolia Ziyang, Zhen Ping, Langao
  Rutaecarpa Ziyang, Han Yin, Ningshan, Shiquan, the well-being
  Radix Xunyang, Shirakawa, the well-being
Schisandra Xunyang, Ningshan, Zhen Ping, Li Ping, well, Shiquan
  Bo Ziren Xunyang, well, Han Yin, Shiquan
  Polygonum multiflorum Langao, Ziyang, Shirakawa, Han Yin
  Ling Xian iron Xunyang, well, Shirakawa
Grass-Xunyang, Shirakawa, Han Yin, the well-being
  Silkworm rein Ziyang, the well-being, Langao, Shiquan, Han Yin
  Pinellia Ziyang, Shirakawa, Xunyang, well
Phellodendron Ziyang, Langao, Zhenping
  Xunyang papaya, well, Shirakawa, Epimedium Ziyang Shiquan, Han Yin, Shirakawa, Ningshan, Langao, Ping Lee
 

Table 2 continued the name of the main species distribution area

Shiquan leaves, Han Yin, Xunyang, Shirakawa
  Crassirhizoma Ziyang, Xunyang, well, Han Yin, rhubarb Shiquan Ziyang, Xunyang, Han Yin, Langao Ligusticum Ping Lee, Zhen Ping, Xunyang, Ankang Hai Sands Ziyang, the well-being, Han Yin, Shirakawa
Herba Lysimachiae Zhen Ping, Shi Quan, Ziyang, Xunyang
Ophiopogon Xunyang, Shiquan, the well-being
  Peony Pian Kang, Xunyang
Trichosanthin Shiquan, Han Yin, well, Xunyang
Salvia Xunyang, Ningshan, Shiquan, the well-being
Xunyang peach kernel, Li Ping, Shirakawa, Ziyang
Kuan Donghua Zhenping, Li Ping
Faeces five-profit, well, Shirakawa, Zhenping
Asarum Ningshan, Li Ping, Langao, Zhenping
Prunella well, Ziyang, Ningshan, Shirakawa
White and Ziyang, Shirakawa, well, Xunyang
Cyperus Xunyang, Shirakawa, Li Ping, the well-being
Siphonostegia well, Ziyang, Xunyang, Shirakawa
Araceae Ziyang, Ningshan, Shiquan, the well-being
Cortex Mori well, Shiquan, Ziyang, Han Yin, Li Ping, Xunyang
Cimicifuga Xunyang, Shirakawa, the well-being, Han Yin
Health Centipede
Chenpi Ziyang, the well-being, Han Yin, Shirakawa
Tetrandrine Ziyang, Li Ping, Langao, Xunyang
Changshan River, Xunyang, Ziyang, Han Yin
Cassia well, Xunyang, Shirakawa, Ziyang
Cacumen Platycladi Xunyang, well, Han Yin, Shiquan
Xunyang lucidum, the well-being, Shirakawa, Shiquan

Equisetum Ningshan, Ziyang, Langao, Shiquan
Shi Yin Wei Han, Shi Quan, the well-being, Ping Lee

Schedule 3
To be the focus of the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the wild
Mahonia is mint Chu-pink Agrimoniae odoratum oxalate plasma Drynaria Qian Euphorbia Chishao Zelanpeilan Polygonum japonica white HUANG Bai Wei Jing Qing box Eriocaulon hawthorn rattan Yecha orange Bai Lai Artemsia argyi ghost light white root Gualou Nepeta Belamcanda Di cow-lily has Polygonum Viola yedoensis palm-earth type of perilla Poria Xin Motherwort cablin Chuanxiong yam matrine Green Cimicifuga Phyllanthus Spider Shannon Nettle Hypericum perforatum Artemisia annua leaf Eucommia Warashina epimedium rhubarb leaves of the persimmon trees





Ankang in Shaanxi Chi Lang application of biological resources of the Institute


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